TCP/IP is an
abbreviation for transmission control protocol / internet protocol. TCP/IP is a
collection of protocols, applications and services. The protocols in TCP/IP
that defines how two or more computer or devices can communicate with each
other. The protocols is effectively a set of rules how data is passed between
the computers or devices. TCP/IP moves
data from one layer to another.
OSI Layer
model has 7 Layers but in TCP/IP those 7 layers are approximately mapped with
its 4 Layers. In some cases TCP/IP models considers as 5 Layers.
OSI Model (7 Layer) |
TCP/IP Model (4 Layer) |
TCP/IP Model (5 Layer) |
Application |
|
|
Presentation |
Application |
Application |
Session |
|
TCP or UDP |
Transport |
Transport |
|
Network |
Network |
IP |
Data Link |
|
Network Interface |
Physical |
Physical |
Physical |
Physical Layer: The Physical Layer is pure hardware
in any network infrastructure. This includes the cables, satellites or any
other connection medium and the network interface card, which transmits
electrical signals. It describes the media over which the data travels. For example,
this describes the voltage of a 1 or 0 signal across a copper wire.
Data Link
Layer: This layer is
responsible for splitting data into packets to be sent across the connection
medium. Once the data is on the communication link, the layer handles any
interferences, which may arise due to noise. The data link layer works hard to
make sure that the physical link does not distort the electrical signals
carrying the data.
Network
Layer: This layer gets packets from data link layer and sends them to correct
network address. This layer routed the packet through the best possible route
if more than one possible route available in the network.
Transport Layer: The packets
routed by network layer to the destination, it cannot guarantee that the data
packets will arrive in correct order. The packets may have picked up any errors
during transmission. Transport layer takes care of that the packets have no
errors and received in correct order.
Application Layer: Users uses
the application layer to send or receive data. These provides the interface to
the application. Without this layer the computer or its user would never be
able to send data and would not know what to do with the received data send by
another user.
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