When the
internet at its early stage of growth period US military, colleges and
academics largely used it to exchange data. At that time they used One Master
Server called ‘Root’, which holds the entire set of IP addresses. The IP
Addresses were held as pure text in a file called ‘Hosts’ held in a
sub-directory on the ‘Root’ Server.
Example->Unique
IP address of the internet server followed by domain name.
IP Address Domain
Name
202.100.17.33 Microsoft
When any
Client computer request for information with any Internet Server using browser
software, the client sends a broadcast message using the Server’s Domain name
as the identifier. ISP’s Internet Server intercepts this request and check the
‘Domain Name’ is known to by the Internet Server or not. If the ‘Domain Name’
be unknown, then the Internet Server will route this broadcast to an InterNIC
Root Server.
In the
InterNIC Root Server’s Hosts file the domain name will be mapped to an IP
address. This IP address will be returned to the ISP’s Server. The ISP’s server
will now pass this IP address to the clients browser. Now Clients browser will
now broadcast a request to connect directly to the internet server using its IP
address.
As soon as
this connection established a link will be setup between the Client and the
internet Server. Web server software running on internet server will takes care
of connecting a Client to the Virtual Domain if this IP is Virtual Domain as
required. Once the client connects to
the appropriate domain, the web server software sends first HTML page INDEX.HTML
or Index.htm file to the Client.
In case if the ISP known the IP already because some other client browses that Internet Server then It will route the new client from cached on the ISP’s server.
Structure of
an Internet Address is http://www.microsoft.com
Where http
is the communication protocol, www is the notation for world wide web,
.microsoft is the registered domain name associated with the IP address of an
Internet Server and .com is the server provides commercial services to clients
who connects to it.
To search IP
address for Microsoft.com name resolution takes place. A unique IP address
127.57.13.1 will be returned by InterNIC for this domain name when it is
resolved.
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